Introduction
Academic literacy and economic empowerment are interconnected but not always fully aligned in post-apartheid South Africa. While educational attainment has significantly increased since apartheid, persistent inequalities and challenges in quality and access remain.
Figure 1: Education levels and employment opportunities
Educational Attainment
Since the end of apartheid, South Africa has seen a substantial rise in educational levels, especially at secondary and tertiary stages. This has increased economic returns to higher education, though returns to basic education have diminished.
Figure 2: Educational attainment trends and economic returns
Challenges in Empowerment
Despite gains in education, South Africa faces structural barriers that limit economic empowerment. These include unequal school funding, poor resources, and curriculum deficiencies dating back to apartheid's legacy.
Figure 3: Structural barriers to economic empowerment
Broader Literacy
Beyond academic literacy, broader forms including financial, economic, and technological literacy are crucial for meaningful economic empowerment. These equip individuals to make better economic decisions and access income-generating opportunities.
Figure 4: Literacy types and economic inclusion